Scope
Reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in multi-family buildings by:
- Prohibiting smoking in indoor common areas
- Locating designated outdoor smoking areas 25 feet from entries.
- Air sealing to minimize the spread of tobacco smoke between units.
See the Compliance Tab for related codes and standards requirements, and criteria to meet national programs such as DOE’s Zero Energy Ready Home program, ENERGY STAR Single-Family New Homes, and Indoor airPLUS.
Description
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also known as secondhand smoke, is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and the smoke exhaled by smokers. ETS contains over 4,000 substances, several of which are known to cause cancer in humans or animals (U.S. EPA).
ETS has been identified as a human lung carcinogen by EPA and also classified as a Group A carcinogen under EPA's carcinogen assessment guidelines. ETS is also responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually among nonsmoking adults in U.S. In a number of studies, ETS exposure has also been shown to increase the risk of heart disease (U.S. EPA 1992).
Exposure to ETS can also adversely affect respiratory health in children and can cause asthma in children who have not previously exhibited symptoms. Additionally, ETS exposure in children increases the risks for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, middle ear infections, and lower respiratory tract infections (such as pneumonia and bronchitis). EPA estimates that 150,000 to 300,000 cases of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children up to 18 months of age can be attributed to ETS exposure (U.S. EPA 1992).
In multifamily buildings, ETS can be transferred into individual dwelling units through gaps and openings in walls, ceilings, and floors.
Eliminating ETS through a building-wide smoke-free policy is the most effective, and cost efficient, method of controlling ETS. There is no safe level of ETS exposure and no engineering technique can completely eliminate ETS infiltration.
Where eliminating smoking in new multifamily buildings is not immediately feasible, Indoor airPLUS requires that smoking be prohibited in all indoor common areas. Indoor airPLUS also requires that outdoor smoking areas be located a minimum of 25 feet from building entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows. This restriction can be communicated through signage and building policies.
In order to minimize ETS infiltration between units, penetrations in the walls, ceilings, and floors of dwelling units should be sealed with appropriate materials. Vertical chases adjacent to dwelling units should also be fully sealed. All doors in dwelling units leading to common hallways should have weather stripping.
For more information about air sealing see the following guides:
Success
Building owners should establish a no-smoking policy that is clearly outlined in rental contracts.
Signs should be posted at all entrances indicating that smoking is prohibited within 25 feet of entryways, outdoor air intakes, and operable windows.
Climate
No climate specific information applies.
Compliance
Compliance
The Compliance tab contains both program and code information. Code language is excerpted and summarized below. For exact code language, refer to the applicable code, which may require purchase from the publisher. While we continually update our database, links may have changed since posting. Please contact our webmaster if you find broken links.
DOE Zero Energy Ready Home (Revision 07)
Exhibit 1 Mandatory Requirements.
Exhibit 1, Item 1) Certified under the ENERGY STAR Qualified Homes Program or the ENERGY STAR Multifamily New Construction Program.
Exhibit 1, Item 6) Indoor Air Quality. Certified under EPA Indoor airPLUS.
EPA Indoor airPLUS (Revision 04)
5.3 Multi-Family Environmental Tobacco Smoke Protections. Reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in multi-family buildings by:
- Prohibiting smoking in indoor common areas, specified explicitly in building rental/lease agreements or condo/co-op association covenants and restrictions.
- Locating designated outdoor smoking areas a minimum of 25 ft. from entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows.
- Minimizing uncontrolled pathways for ETS transfer between individual dwelling units by sealing penetrations in the walls, ceilings and floors of dwelling units; sealing vertical chases adjacent to dwelling units; and applying weather stripping to all doors in dwelling units leading to common hallways.
Advisory: To ensure that air sealing will effectively prevent migration of ETS, other air pollutants and odors between units in multifamily structures, conduct air-tightness testing of each unit in accordance with Section 802 of the RESNET Standard. The maximum air leakage rate should not exceed 0.3 CFM per square foot of the dwelling unit’s enclosure area, at an induced pressure difference of 50 Pa, where the enclosure area includes the floor area, the ceiling area, and the demising and exterior wall areas.
More
More Info.
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The following authors and organizations contributed to the content in this Guide.