Showing results 251 - 500 of 559
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In cold climates, install slab edge insulation when pouring slab on grade foundations.
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In high wind areas, provide lateral support to masonry end walls to resist high winds.
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In high-wind regions, special hardware is used for most framing connections; toe-nailing is not acceptable.
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Install termite shields and use solid concrete or filled concrete block for the top of foundation walls to deter termites and other pests
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Insulating a crawlspace foundation with “cripple wall” in warm climates; in Climate Zones 5+ replace the foil- or plastic-faced fiberglass batt/roll insulation with impermeable rigid insulation or closed-cell spray polyurethane foam
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Interior and exterior footing drains keep moisture away from the foundation. Spray-on water proofing helps the concrete foundation walls resist moisture.
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Intermittent water leaks have been injection sealed to prevent water infiltration into the foundation.
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Joist straps or hangers and metal connector plates can reinforce a post-and-pier foundation against seismic movement
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Key connection points for a continuous load path for earthquake and high wind disaster resistance
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Lower-story wall anchorage to masonry (or concrete) base. Straps properly nailed at wall studs.
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Metal-reinforced rigid foam panels create a form for the concrete foundation walls.
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New Charleston, SC home's first level used as parking, storage, and access space
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Pest proofing of this unvented crawlspace includes a metal termite shield that extends out from the sill plate, metal flashing wrapping the bottom of exterior rigid foam, and a termite inspection gap above interior rigid foam.
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Pest protection measures include a termite shield under the rim joist and extending out on either side of the stem wall, insect screening under the furring air gap, and brick veneer to protect slab-edge insulation.
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Possible failure scenarios due to house sitting on poorly braced and secured cripple wall
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Properly reinforce masonry walls in coastal locations to resist high winds and waves.
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Provide a continuous air barrier from the rigid foam below the crawlspace floor joists to the rim joist to the exterior wall above
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Raised-slab CMU foundation including flood-resistant features: sloped grade, damp proofed stem wall, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor barrier under the slab and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall (polyethylene sheet)
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Recommended construction for homes in Zone B (areas of moderate flood hazard between the 100-yr and 500-yr flood) and Zones C and X (areas of minimal flood hazard above the 500-yr flood).
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Recommended installation techniques for electrical and plumbing lines and other utility components in homes built on piers above the base flood elevation.
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Reinforce concrete slab and foundation walls to minimize future cracks that could let in pests
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Repair leaks and cracks, and cover holes in foundation floors and walls to minimize water and vapor entry.
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Right - A continuous load path connects the roof and wall framing to the foundation.
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Right - A corrugated metal closure conceals the exterior rigid insulation at the slab edge
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Right - Additional potential locations for slab-on-grade insulation include (a) under the slab and outside the perimeter with optional underground moisture block, (b) under the whole foundation, or (c) on top of the slab.
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Right - Basement slab with a capillary break of either gravel or a drainage mat.
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Right - Basement with exterior XPS or EPS insulation and insulation under the basement slab.
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Right - Below-grade concrete has been properly sealed against moisture and is now having insulation installed.
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Right - Closed-cell spray foam covers the interior of the foundation wall and wall framing is placed to the inside of the spray foam.
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Right - Closed-cell spray foam is used to retrofit an existing rubble basement foundation wall.
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Right - Closed-cell spray foam was applied to the interior of a foundation wall.
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Right - Concrete masonry unit (CMU) basement wall showing exterior insulation and sill detail; above-grade wall has sheathing to the inside of the rigid foam.
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Right - Flood resistant slab and crawlspace foundations elevate the floor above the design flood elevation.
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Right - Foil-faced polyisocyanurate insulating rigid foam sheathing is installed below the floor framing of this house built on piers; however, the seams should be sealed with metal taped and the plumbing elevated and protected.
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Right - Foil-faced polyisocyanurate rigid foam board is tightly installed and sealed against a concrete foundation wall prior to installing fibrous blanket insulation.
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Right - Make concrete masonry unit foundations more termite resistant by using a solid masonry block or bond beam for the top course, installing a termite shield, and using a borate-treated sill plate.
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Right - Permeable rigid mineral wool insulation and appropriate water-management flashing details are integrated with new rigid foam siding to keep water away from the sill beam above the foundation wall
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Right - Potential locations for basement insulation in new construction, slab insulation should always be underneath, with walls insulated (a) inside, (b) outside, (c) sandwiched inside, or (d) inside and outside of walls.
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Right - Potential locations for crawlspace insulation: vapor sheeting should always cover the floor with insulation (a) outside walls, (b) inside walls, (c) both sides of walls, (d) sandwiched inside walls, or (e) under the first floor.
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Right - Potential locations for slab-on-grade stem insulation in new construction: slab insulation should always be underneath, with stem walls insulated (a) inside, (b) outside, (c) not at all, or (d) outside with underground extension to repel moisture.
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Right - Poured concrete basement wall showing exterior insulation and sill detail; above-grade wall has sheathing to the inside of the rigid foam.
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Right - Poured concrete basement wall showing exterior insulation and sill detail; above-grade wall has sheathing to the outside of the rigid foam.
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Right - Retrofit of an existing basement slab by adding dimple plastic mat, rigid foam insulation, and a floating subfloor.
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Right - Rigid foam insulation is installed along the exterior edge of an existing foundation slab.
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Right - Rigid foam is installed over a waterproofing membrane that has been applied to the basement foundation walls.
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Right - The basement foundation is insulated on the exterior and termite shield extends out past the top of the insulation.
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Right - The concrete basement wall is insulated on the interior with rigid foam; the footing detail is shown.
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Right - The concrete masonry unit (CMU) basement wall has exterior insulation; the footing details include interior and exterior footing drain pipe.
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Right - The existing basement slab is retrofitted by installing a dimple plastic drainage mat, rigid foam insulation, and a floating subfloor.
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Right - The service penetration in the waterproofing membrane is well-sealed, and there is a drainage mat acting as a protective layer on the interior of the soldier piles and wood lagging.
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Right - The slab-on-grade foundation is insulated with two layers (R-20) of XPS foam under the-slab and R-10 on the exterior of the stem walls.
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Right - This concrete basement wall is insulated on the interior basement walls with spray foam and under the slab with rigid foam; footing details are shown.
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Right - This concrete basement wall is insulated on the interior with rigid insulation; sill details are shown.
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Right - This concrete basement wall is insulated on the interior with spray foam insulation; sill detail are shown.
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Right - This opening in the foundation wall around this pipe was filled with wire mesh then sealed with spray foam to prevent rodent and insect entry
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Right - This poured concrete basement wall is insulated on the exterior and under the slab with rigid insulation; footing details include interior and exterior footing drain pipe.
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Right - This rigid insulation is correctly installed in a level layer over aggregate; the seams will be taped
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Right - This waterproofing membrane on the interior of a deep soldier pile foundation with wood lagging is continuous, and penetrations through the membrane have been sealed.
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Right - XPS rigid foam board is tightly installed against a concrete foundation wall and seams are sealed with tape prior to installing fibrous blanket insulation.
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Right – 11-inch ICFs provide R-50 of wall insulation from the footing to the roof on this cold-climate home.
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Right – A dimpled plastic rainscreen product is installed over liquid-applied waterproofing on the exterior of the ICF foundation walls, directing water down the wall to the perimeter drain tile, thus encouraging drainage around the foundation.
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Right – A dimpled-plastic rain mat was attached to the exterior below-ground walls to help minimize frost damage in cold climates.
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Right – A sump pump with a perforated sump pit was installed in the crawlspace slab to reduce water accumulation under the slab
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Right – After installing the insulated concrete foundation wall panels, the builder installed underslab rigid foam, which was topped by 4 inches of crushed rock then the poured slab.
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Right – Air vents near the top of the crawlspace wall are not used as flood vents, and flood vents are installed close to grade
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Right – Apply sealant around penetrations through foundation walls and along foundation wall seams
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Right – Because this home is in a coastal location that may flood the crawlspace is vented and the home is constructed on metal piers.
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Right – Examples of wall stud to sill plate and foundation and wall rod connectors and brackets.
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Right – Foil-faced insulation was added after the crawlspace was dried and sealed by diverting water runoff, sealing off crawlspace windows and vents, and adding sump pumps and exhaust fan ventilation
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Right – Foundation drainage mat was installed over the waterproof membrane that covers the sealed crawlspace window
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Right – House without gutters has waterproof liner, drain tile, and gravel bed extending more than 5 feet from foundation
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Right – Insulated concrete form (ICF) blocks are stacked like bricks, then rebar is set horizontally and vertically in the plastic spacers, then concrete is poured; the rigid foam and spacers stay in place to add support and thermal resistance to the wall
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Right – Insulated concrete forms (ICFs) provide the insulated stem wall for the slab-on-grade foundation for this SIP house.
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Right – Interior grade is elevated and flood vents are located slightly above interior grade
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Right – Notch cut into pile takes less than 50% of cross section, cut is treated with wood preservative, and beam is installed with corrosion-resistant bolts.
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Right – Polyethylene sheeting completely covers the aggregate and the footing with no tears or open seams
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Right – Polyethylene sheeting is laid over aggregate and over footing to provide a capillary break between the ground and the slab and between the footing and the stem wall
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Right – Polyethylene sheeting vapor barrier is installed and sealed to the crawlspace walls with mastic
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Right – Prepoured foundation panels with integrated insulation and vapor barrier are installed in place.
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Right – R-20 of XPS and polyiso rigid foam were added on the slab shelf that is part of this precast foundation wall system.
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Right – Rain barrel installed with an overflow spout terminating at least 5 feet from foundation
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Right – Rigid foam was attached to the tops of the precast foundation walls to form an insulated edge for the floor slab.
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Right – Spray foam insulation was sprayed onto the ground and along the sides of the foundation walls and piers of this insulated crawl space.
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Right – The drain slopes away from the foundation and terminates at the proper distance
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Right – The drain tile connects to a sump pump which will pump water away from the foundation
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Right – The drain tile is installed along the bottom of the entire foundation footing
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Right – The drain tile is wrapped in fabric which will prevent it clogging with debris
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Right – The entire first floor and second floor of these modular homes were assembled in the factory and installed on an insulated concrete basement foundation on site.
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Right – The floor and wall system on this open-foundation home use rigid foam rather than fibrous cavity insulation to reduce risk of water damage.
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Right – The foundation of this ICF home was constructed of ICFs that were set in place on a gravel bed, then 3.5 inches (R-36) of closed-cell spray foam was sprayed directly onto the gravel, providing an effective air, vapor, and thermal barrier.
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Right – The foundation wall consists of prefab concrete wall panels with integrated insulation.
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Right – The insulated concrete forms that are below-grade have a damp-proof coating to prevent moisture seeping into the foundation
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Right – The joint between the foundation wall and the mud sill is thoroughly sealed with a liquid-applied sealant.
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Right – The latticework between columns in this raised foundation will allow free flow of water in the event of a flood
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Right – The raised slab foundation has a 3-ft stem wall of filled concrete block, then is back-filled with compacted dirt and crushed rock, then insulated with 1” rigid foam covered with taped vapor barrier, under a floor slab.
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Right – The raised-slab, brick-and-block stem wall, above-grade walls, and roof of this house use flood damage-resistant materials, integrated water, vapor, and air control layers, and construction methods which promote good drainage and rapid drying
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Right – The raised-slab, CMU block stem wall, above-grade walls, and roof of this house use flood damage-resistant materials, integrated water, vapor, and air control layers, and construction methods which promote good drainage and rapid drying
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Right – The raised-slab, poured-concrete stem wall, above-grade walls, and roof of this house use flood damage-resistant materials, integrated water, vapor, and air control layers, and construction methods which promote good drainage and rapid drying
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Right – The seam between the slab and the foundation wall is sealed with urethane caulk.
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Right – The slab is coated with two coats of epoxy paint to minimize moisture transfer through the slab from the ground.
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Right – This column foundation has no HVAC equipment, piping, electrical components, or structural walls below the elevated floor system
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Right – This crawlspace window was completely sealed off on the inside and outside with air barrier and water-proof materials and the window well was filled in to an above-grade height to prevent bulk water from entering the crawlspace
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Right – This floor system on a column foundation is insulated using closed-cell spray foam rather than fibrous insulation
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Right – This wall is constructed with the sill plate overhanging the top of the foundation wall so that when rigid foam is installed on the exterior of the foundation wall, its surface will align with the surface of the wall sheathing.
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Right – Two inches of rigid foam was installed on the ground before pouring the basement floor slab while precast, pre-insulated concrete panels comprise the basement walls.
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Right – Walls, windows, and wiring are installed in the factory for these modular homes, which are installed at the site on basement foundations made of insulated concrete wall panels.
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Right-Flood resistant foundation walls lift the floor framing above the DFE and include flood openings to let flood waters pass through.
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Right-Polyethylene sheeting is correctly installed over aggregate and taped to pillars and foundation wall
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Rigid foam extends under the full slab and lines the inside edges of the foundation walls.
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Rigid foam insulation and a thin slab were installed over the dirt and gravel of this sealed crawlspace
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Rigid foam provides the code-required insulation values for this floor and wall assembly so that fibrous cavity insulation can be avoided, reducing risk of floodwater damage
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Rigid insulation and air-sealing can be used to thermally isolate garages from multifamily row houses/town houses with basement foundations in IECC Climate Zones 3 or higher.
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Rigid insulation and water control layers are installed on the exterior of a flat foundation wall; spray foam insulates the rim joist
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Seal the crack between the sill plate and the foundation wall
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Shear Strength Comparison Between a Foundation Stud Anchor (on left) and a Shear Transfer Angle (on right)
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Spray foam and rigid foam were used under the slab while rigid foam wraps the exterior of the foundation walls.
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Spray foam extends down the foundation wall to the slab, which has been retrofitted by adding dimple plastic drainage mat and rigid foam insulation.
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Spray foam extends down the inside of the foundation wall to the uninsulated slab; because the wall lacked exterior perimeter drainage, the slab was cut and an interior footing drain was installed.
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Spray foam insulation extends down the foundation wall to the slab, which has been retrofitted by cutting the slab to install drainage mat against the wall and a new perimeter footing drain, along with rigid foam plastic above the slab.
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Structural insulated panels offer a continuous layer of thermal protection and draft resistance around the home and come from the factory precut for fast assembly.
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Stucco is installed over rigid insulation, which is installed over a drainage plane consisting of a drainage gap and building wrap layer over the sheathing
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Termite shield extends under sill plate and through brick veneer below the through-wall flashing and weep holes.
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Termite shield is installed at the top of the foundation wall before installing sill plates; all seams and holes are sealed with epoxy
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The “continuous waterproofing” approach can be used to control groundwater in cases where the building foundation is below the groundwater table.
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The “draw down” approach can be used to control groundwater in cases where the building foundation is below the groundwater table.
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The basement slab is wrapped in a blanket of insulation including R-27 of closed-cell spray foam under the slab and R-22 ICF blocks wrapping the slab edges.
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The below-grade wall assembly includes dampproofing, draining details, and insulation.
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The blue foam sill gasket visible on the foundation wall will help ensure an air-tight connection with the double-wall assembly above.
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The components of a framed wall include from inside to out: gypsum, wood studs, OSB or plywood sheathing, and siding.
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The cripple wall hiding the post-and-pier foundation of this wood framed house toppled when the house was shifted partially off its piers by an earthquake
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The elevated concrete floor over this concrete column foundation uses rigid foam on its interior surface to reduce thermal bridging and risk of floodwater damage
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The existing slab is retrofitted by coating with epoxy paint, then installing rigid foam insulation and a floating subfloor.
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The existing slab is retrofitted with epoxy paint, rigid foam insulation, sleepers (furring strips), and subfloor.
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The flat retrofit foundation plate is used to connect the concrete foundation to the sill plate from the exterior of the building as part of a seismic retrofit
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The floor of the sealed insulated crawlspace is covered with a heavy plastic vapor-barrier sheathing that is taped at all seams and around the foundation piers to prevent water vapor from moving into the crawlspace.
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The goal of foundation moisture management is to construct the basement, crawlspace, or slab in a way that keeps moisture from getting in in the first place
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The Habitat affiliate makes its own “ICF” foundation walls with rigid foam held in place with wood spacers.
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The home’s slab-on-grade foundation is wrapped in a blanket of rigid foam extending completely under the slab and along the edges.
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The leaks in this foundation wall have been injection sealed to prevent water infiltration into the foundation.
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The pier foundation that lifts this home above flood waters is visible in this photo taken before the skirt walls were added.
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The polyethylene ground cover in the crawlspace is continuous at interior posts and piers
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The rails on these stairs were enclosed with siding, presenting a greater obstacle to the flow of flood water and contributing to the flood damage shown here.
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The recommended approach for groundwater management in cases where the foundation is entirely above the groundwater table.
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The seams of the rigid insulation are not taped and it will not provide a complete capillary break
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The sheathing has rotted because there was not a sufficient drainage gap behind the stucco cladding
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The top course of these concrete masonry unit (CMU) crawlspace foundation walls and piers is filled with grout then sprayed with a waterproofing membrane that acts as a capillary break and prevents moisture from migrating into the framing material.
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The universal retrofit foundation plate is used to connect the concrete foundation to the sill plate as part of a seismic retrofit
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There is polyethylene sheeting installed to provide a capillary break between the ground and slab
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These below-grade walls are insulated along the exterior with R-5 of bug-resistant high-density rigid fiberglass insulation installed over damproofing.
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This 4-inch layer of rigid foam insulation (R-20) will be sandwiched between two layers of concrete poured on site for a highly insulated foundation wall.
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This assembly can be used to thermally isolate heated or partially heated garages with slab foundations from the exterior in multifamily row houses/townhouses in IECC Climate Zones 3 and higher.
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This basement is insulated on the exterior with rigid foam over dampproofing, with granular backfill and footing drains to facilitate drainage away from the foundation, a termite shield to protect from pests, and cellular PVC to protect the rigid foam.
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This breakaway wall design made of decay resistant lumber is compliant with the National Flood Insurance Program.
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This building foundation has a drainage layer located on the exterior of the waterproofing membrane.
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This coastal home was built on a flood-resistant pier foundation using hurricane- and moisture-resistant expanded polystyrene and steel wall panels and hurricane strapping.
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This concrete block foundation cracked due to lack of steel rebar reinforcement.
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This exterior insulated slab-on-grade monolithic grade beam foundation is protected from pests by termite shield at the sill plate, borate-treated framing, flashing at end of wall insulation, brick veneer over slab-edge insulation, and rock ground cover.
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This exterior wall retrofit permits drying to the exterior of a sill plate installed on an untreated flat foundation wall
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This exterior wall retrofit permits drying to the exterior of a sill plate installed on an untreated irregular foundation wall
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This home constructed in a V Zone in Bolivar Peninsula, Texas, had the bottom beam of the lowest floor at the BFE (dashed line) but the estimated wave crest during Hurricane Ike was 3 to 4 feet higher (solid line).
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This home has a cost-saving shallow frost-protected foundation that uses rigid foam laid vertically at the base of the 16-inch-deep footers to protect the foundation from frost damage.
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This home is heated with in-floor hydronic radiant heating tubes that were installed on top of the R-20 rigid foam under-slab insulation.
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This home was elevated above the Design Flood Elevation and the pre-existing first story became the second story.
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This house design in the Hot-Humid climate uses a slab foundation, masonry walls, and an Exterior Insulation Finish System (EIFS) cladding.
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This house with an insulated slab is protected from pests with a termite shield at the sill plate, borate-treated framing, insect screen covering bottom of furring air gap, and brick veneer over slab-edge insulation
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This house with interior insulated crawlspace is protected from pests with termite shield at sill plate, borate-treated framing, flashing at end of wall insulation, and a termite inspection gap at the top of the rigid foam
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This left-to-right sequence shows the method of wall extension to flood-proof a masonry house on a slab foundation. Here the new, raised floor is wood-framed over a wet-floodproofed crawlspace, but using fill to create a new raised slab is also an option.
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This plumbing pipe is wrapped with a stainless steel mesh skirt that is clamped to the pipe before the concrete slab is poured to to keep out bugs and rodents
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This raised-slab CMU and brick foundation includes flood-resistant features such as a sloped grade, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor barrier under the slab (polyethylene sheet), and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall
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This raised-slab poured concrete foundation includes flood-resistant features such as a sloped grade, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor retarder under the slab (rigid insulation), and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall
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This Texas homes uses a slab foundation including a 4-in.-thick post-tensioned monolithic slab with turned-down edges poured over a 6-mil polyethylene vapor barrier and capillary break; slab edge insulation is not used due to termite risk.
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This wood-framed wall is connected with framing anchors, metal strapping and ties, and anchor bolts to secure the roof to the walls and walls to the foundation
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Three different anchoring methods are shown for making the home more resistant to getting moved off its foundation in an earthquake.
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Three types of foundation walls: Stem-plus-wood stud cripple wall, reinforced concrete wall, and reinforced concrete block/masonry wall
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To control surface water, the land should slope away from the building on all sides
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To handle the high water table on this lot, the builder installed underground drain pipe to french drains for slow dispersal of storm runoff, then set the floor joists on steel framing set 4 ft above grade on 35-foot-deep piers.
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To help keep the monolithic slab-on-grade foundation dry, the site’s surfaces is graded away from the structure, the slab is poured on a bed of gravel, and using a vapor barrier will separate the foundation from the sill plates.
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To increase a masonry-walled home’s resistance to seismic forces, solid wood blocking is added between the roof rafters, anchors are added to connect the brick wall to the rafters and floor joists, building diaphragms are added, foundation braced
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Traditional methods of site drainage, such as site grading, can be difficult to achieve on urban sites.
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Two inches (R-10) of rigid foam line the interior of the perimeter footing walls before the post-tensioned slab is poured.
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Unvented concrete masonry unit crawl space with exterior insulation - designed for termite resistance in moderately infested areas