Showing results 101 - 200 of 263
Image
Hurricanes and resulting floods are among the most costly natural disasters impacting metropolitan areas (Source: U.S. Coast Guard)
Image
Image
If both the shingles and the underlayment blow off the roof is more susceptible to water intrusion; sealed seams or a self-adhering underlayment provide greater protection.
Image
If water rises above the foundation and enters the wall cavity it will not damage the moisture-resistant closed-cell foam or exterior extruded polystyrene, while gaps in the paperless drywall allow airflow of easy removal of panels for drying and cleaning
Image
Improperly installed fuel tanks can break free from attachments under the force of flood waters, risking broken fuel lines which could cause fire or explosion. Here, the tank is tethered only by the gas piping, which is not designed to perform this functi
Image
In Coastal A Zones and V Zones best practice is to construct the home so the bottom support of the lowest floor is above the 100-year wave crest elevation.
Image
In coastal flood zones, in-ground pools should located as far landward on the lot as possible and be oriented perpendicular to the shoreline with rounded corners.
Image
In high wind areas, provide lateral support to masonry end walls to resist high winds.
Image
In high-wind regions, special hardware is used for most framing connections; toe-nailing is not acceptable.
Image
In tropical climates such as Puerto Rico, some houses have metal jalousie louvers instead of glass windows; metal jalousies look like shutters, but typically offer little debris resistance.
Image
Inadequate connections between the foundation columns and footings or grade beams can lead to column connection failures during flooding.
Image
Install “deadmen” anchors and straps over an underground storage tank to offset the buoyancy of flood waters.
Image
Install a concrete collar over an underground storage tank to offset the buoyancy of flood waters.
Image
Install hold-down straps to securely attach the tank to the bottom hold-down pad to offset the buoyancy of flood waters.
Image
Installation of an erosion control blanket to minimize soil loss on sloped ground that has no established vegetation
Image
Knee braces do not stiffen a pile foundation as much as diagonal bracing, but they present less obstruction to waves and debris, are less prone to compression buckling, and may be designed for both tension and compression loads.
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Metal connectors help resist wind uplift at the wall to roof framing connection.
Image
Moisture can migrate from below the foundation to the basement wall and insulation cavity in a conventional blanket insulation installation
Image
Moisture-resistant plastic and fiber cement exterior trim and cladding are indistinguishable from wood building elements.
Image
New Charleston, SC home's first level used as parking, storage, and access space
Image
Newer home damaged from internal pressurization and inadequate connections, Hurricane Katrina.
Image
Image
On ocean-front lots set the home as far back on the lot as possible, preferably with a protective dune between structures and shoreline.
Image
Plan view of site and building location and identification of coastal flood hazard zones.
Image
Plywood or OSB shear wall panels help the wind to resist the compression, tension, and shear forces of high winds and earthquakes
Image
Probability that a flood will exceed the n-year flood level over a given period of time.
Image
Profile of an open/shallow pier foundation for riverine areas where an open foundation style is desirable and for buildings in Coastal A Zone where scour and erosion is limited.
Image
Image
Properly reinforce masonry walls in coastal locations to resist high winds and waves.
Image
Provide a continuous air barrier from the rigid foam below the crawlspace floor joists to the rim joist to the exterior wall above
Image
Raised-slab CMU foundation including flood-resistant features: sloped grade, damp proofed stem wall, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor barrier under the slab and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall (polyethylene sheet)
Image
Image
Recommended construction for homes in Zone B (areas of moderate flood hazard between the 100-yr and 500-yr flood) and Zones C and X (areas of minimal flood hazard above the 500-yr flood).
Image
Recommended flood resistant wall construction for concrete block walls with stucco or brick veneer.
Image
Image
Recommended installation techniques for electrical and plumbing lines and other utility components in homes built on piers above the base flood elevation.
Image
Image
Image
Redundant moisture barriers including siding, house wrap, and coated sheathing can help protect walls from excess moisture, while vapor retarders prevent vapor from entering the wall from the house, for example from a bathroom or kitchen.
Image
Repair leaks and cracks, and cover holes in foundation floors and walls to minimize water and vapor entry.
Image
Residential glazing in wind-borne debris regions is required to resist test missile C or D; however, field investigations have shown that roof tile can penetrate shutters that comply with test missile D like this one, so test missile E compliant...
Image
Retention walls, permeable pavement, french drains, drywells, and ditches all help to divert, collect, and manage the flow of stormwater on a site.
Image
Ridges can be constructed and planted to slow the downward flow of water and stabilize slopes.
Image
Image
Right - Flood resistant slab and crawlspace foundations elevate the floor above the design flood elevation.
Image
Image
Right - In areas prone to costal flooding, elevate the bottom floor well above the design flood elevation.
Image
Right - Install backflow prevention devices on plumbing pipes to prevent wastewater from entering the home's plumbing system.
Image
Image
Right - Use flood-damage-resistant materials for decks and portions of the house below the design flood elevation.
Image
Right – Air vents near the top of the crawlspace wall are not used as flood vents, and flood vents are installed close to grade
Image
Image
Right – Interior grade is elevated and flood vents are located slightly above interior grade
Image
Right – Notch cut into pile takes less than 50% of cross section, cut is treated with wood preservative, and beam is installed with corrosion-resistant bolts.
Image
Right – The floor and wall system on this open-foundation home use rigid foam rather than fibrous cavity insulation to reduce risk of water damage.
Image
Right – The HVAC outdoor unit is anchored on a bed of masonry bricks, 1 foot or more above the base flood elevation.
Image
Right – The latticework between columns in this raised foundation will allow free flow of water in the event of a flood
Image
Right – The raised-slab, brick-and-block stem wall, above-grade walls, and roof of this house use flood damage-resistant materials, integrated water, vapor, and air control layers, and construction methods which promote good drainage and rapid drying
Image
Right – The raised-slab, CMU block stem wall, above-grade walls, and roof of this house use flood damage-resistant materials, integrated water, vapor, and air control layers, and construction methods which promote good drainage and rapid drying
Image
Right – The raised-slab, poured-concrete stem wall, above-grade walls, and roof of this house use flood damage-resistant materials, integrated water, vapor, and air control layers, and construction methods which promote good drainage and rapid drying
Image
Right – This column foundation has no HVAC equipment, piping, electrical components, or structural walls below the elevated floor system
Image
Right – This floor system on a column foundation is insulated using closed-cell spray foam rather than fibrous insulation
Image
Right – This HVAC condensing unit is elevated on a raised-slab
Image
Image
Right-Flood resistant foundation walls lift the floor framing above the DFE and include flood openings to let flood waters pass through.
Image
Rigid foam provides the code-required insulation values for this floor and wall assembly so that fibrous cavity insulation can be avoided, reducing risk of floodwater damage
Image
Image
Roof truss-to-masonry wall connectors embedded into concrete-filled or grouted masonry cell (left-hand side image has a top plate installed while the right-hand side does not).
Image
Image
Image
Image
Section view of a deep pile foundation system constructed with reinforced concrete beams and columns to create portal frames, adapted from FEMA P-550, 2nd ed., case FEMA P-550, 2nd ed., case H.
Image
Section view of a steel pipe pile with concrete column and grade beam foundation type, adapted from FEMA P-550, case B.
Image
Shear wall hold-down connector with bracket attached to a wood beam for a home built on a pile foundation.
Image
Shingle blow-off often starts at the eaves, as shown here after exposure to 115-mph hurricane winds.
Image
SIP homes built in coastal locations should be constructed so that the lowest level is well above the BFE.
Image
Soil types include sand, silt, and clay- the more sand, the more quickly the soil drains.
Image
Stem wall foundation design, including additional reinforcement to resist moving floodwaters and short (1.5-ft) breaking waves (Source: Adapted from FEMA P-550, Case F).
Image
Storm-blown shingles reveal that the starter strip was incorrectly installed; rather than cutting off the tabs of the starter, the starter was rotated 180 degrees (right arrow) so the exposed portion of the first course of shingles (left arrow) was...
Image
The 3/8-inch gap under the door allowed wind-driven rain to enter the house in hurricane winds of 140 to 160 mph.
Image
Image
The brick house foundation piers on discrete footings (in the foreground) failed by rotating and overturning while the piers set in the concrete mat survived Hurricane Katrina.
Image
The components of a framed wall include from inside to out: gypsum, wood studs, OSB or plywood sheathing, and siding.
Image
Image
The elevated concrete floor over this concrete column foundation uses rigid foam on its interior surface to reduce thermal bridging and risk of floodwater damage
Image
Image
Image
The piles of this foundation were well embedded and survived floodwaters from Hurricane Katrina.
Image
The pilings for this building are showing signs of failure due to a poor siting decision to locate the home too close to the surf.
Image
The plywood panels on the underside of this house blew away in hurricane wind speeds of 105 to 115 mph due to corrosion of existing nails, excessive space between nails, and use of nails instead of screws.
Image
Image
The primary frontal dune will be lost to erosion during a 100-year flood because dune reservoir is less than 1,100 ft2
Image
The rails on these stairs were enclosed with siding, presenting a greater obstacle to the flow of flood water and contributing to the flood damage shown here.
Image
The right window frame was pulled out of the wall because of inadequate window frame attachment during a hurricane.
Image
The risk of hydrostatic pressure differences in a flood is reduced when the interior grade of the crawlspace is higher or equal to the exterior grade.