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Tape horizontal joint with minimum 3" wide tape placing tape offset high on the joint, adhearing to the upper sheet without wrinkles
Tape the joint between the top insulation sheet and the Z-flashing with 2" wide tape to improve air tightness
Temperatures in deep undisturbed soil at a given location are approximately equal to the annual average air temperature for that location
Tempered glass windows usually have an etched marking on the glass in the corner of the window that includes the supplier's name, place of fabrication, date manufactured, thickness, and certifications or safety standards the glass meets.
Terminate 4" tape with 2" wide tape placing tape offset high on the joint, 2/3 of the tape should be adhered to the sheet of insulation
Termite Infestation Probability Map, Adapted from the 2021 International Residential Code (IRC), Figure R301.2(7)
Termite shield extends under sill plate and through brick veneer below the through-wall flashing and weep holes.
Termite shield is installed at the top of the foundation wall before installing sill plates; all seams and holes are sealed with epoxy
The “down” and “out” approach to flashing – metal flashing directs water down and out of building assemblies
The 3/8-inch gap under the door allowed wind-driven rain to enter the house in hurricane winds of 140 to 160 mph.
The addition of low-E permanent exterior storm windows is typically accepted for most historic preservation projects
The Attachments Energy Rating Council (AERC) uses this label to indicate certified low-E storm window products.
The brick house foundation piers on discrete footings (in the foreground) failed by rotating and overturning while the piers set in the concrete mat survived Hurricane Katrina.
The brick veneer lacked adequate ties to keep the brick from peeling off the wall in an earthquake.
The cabinet above this refrigerator will keep it from tipping forward during a seismic event
The combustible rigid foam insulation is protected by a non-combustible layer of mineral wool insulation; a 7/8 inch “hat-channel” provides the ventilation and drainage gap.
The combustible siding product on the left side in this demonstration burns readily when exposed to a burning wood sample, while the noncombustible siding on the right does not ignite
The components of a framed wall include from inside to out: gypsum, wood studs, OSB or plywood sheathing, and siding.
The components of a roof include the rafter framing or trusses, purlins, plywood roof decking, underlayment, and the roof covering.
The cool shingles on the right have been coated with a ceramic coating to reflect near-infrared radiation, resulting in a cooler roof as shown by these thermal images (red and yellow are hotter, green and blue are cooler).
The cripple wall hiding the post-and-pier foundation of this wood framed house toppled when the house was shifted partially off its piers by an earthquake
The cripple walls in this home gave way in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake, causing the walls to partially collapse.
The design of this home incorporates multiple methods to reduce summertime solar gains including roll-down exterior blinds, wide exterior horizontal louvers, minimized east/west-facing windows, and vegetation.
The DOE Efficient Window Coverings website identifies twelve categories of interior window shading attachments.
The Efficient Window Coverings website allows direct comparison of various window attachment types based on thermal, visual, functional, and installation and durability criteria.
The elevated concrete floor over this concrete column foundation uses rigid foam on its interior surface to reduce thermal bridging and risk of floodwater damage
The ENERGY STAR logo indicates products that have been verified to meet energy efficiency and performance criteria.
The existing dark tile roof on this home (top photo) was covered with a light -colored coating on day 6 (middle photo), resulting in a significant reduction in attic temperature and cooling energy consumption (bottom)
The flat retrofit foundation plate is used to connect the concrete foundation to the sill plate from the exterior of the building as part of a seismic retrofit
The flush cut method for seismic retrofit bracing of a cripple wall allows the plywood sheathing to be attached directly to both the cripple studs and the notched section of the mudsill
The frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme heat events have increased every decade since the 1960s
The furring strips that provide a drainage gap behind the lap siding are wrapped with ≤ 1/8-inch screen at the top and bottom of the wall to keep out bugs and burning embers.
The geometry of this roof encouraged drifting of snow leading to heavy accumulation between the gables
The goal of foundation moisture management is to construct the basement, crawlspace, or slab in a way that keeps moisture from getting in in the first place
The green framing is lumber that was pressure treated with borate to increase its resistance to termites, mold, and moisture
The icicles and the bare spot along the left roof ridge indicate that heat from the second-story room may be heating the underside of the roof deck, melting the snow and likely leading to ice dam formation.
The IR image on the right shows the sun is heating the southeast-facing wall of this concrete-block house to 36C (97F); this corner of the home would not be a good place for a cool room due to lack of shading and insulation
The light-colored exterior roll-down shades on this building, and the shaded entryway provide very effective control of solar heat gain
The minimum required plumbing connections and trim for fire sprinkler connection to municipal water with a standalone wet sprinkler system.
The Minimum Water Delivery Rates for Various Water Supply Amounts for Residential Fire Suppression Cisterns, as given in Table 4.6.1 in NFPA 1142
The number of days per year that the temperature exceeds 90°F is expected to increase throughout the contiguous U.S. when comparing mid-century (2036-2065) to near-present (1976-2005)
The operable windows in this house are located at occupant level to provide comfort ventilation.
The piles of this foundation were well embedded and survived floodwaters from Hurricane Katrina.
The pilings for this building are showing signs of failure due to a poor siting decision to locate the home too close to the surf.
The plywood panels on the underside of this house blew away in hurricane wind speeds of 105 to 115 mph due to corrosion of existing nails, excessive space between nails, and use of nails instead of screws.
The polyethylene ceiling vapor barrier is sealed to form an air barrier around the exhaust fan in this very cold climate location (≥ CZ 6).
The polyethylene ground cover in the crawl space is lapped up sides of piers to posts to provide a continuous air and vapor barrier
The polyethylene ground cover in the crawlspace is continuous at interior posts and piers
The preferred method for fire sprinkler connection to municipal water with a standalone, wet sprinkler system.
The primary frontal dune will be lost to erosion during a 100-year flood because dune reservoir is less than 1,100 ft2
The rails on these stairs were enclosed with siding, presenting a greater obstacle to the flow of flood water and contributing to the flood damage shown here.
The reverse block method for seismic retrofit bracing of a cripple wall uses a 2x4 attached to the sill plate to provide a means to attach the plywood cripple wall sheathing to the sill plate
The right window frame was pulled out of the wall because of inadequate window frame attachment during a hurricane.
The risk of hydrostatic pressure differences in a flood is reduced when the interior grade of the crawlspace is higher or equal to the exterior grade.
The sheathing has rotted because there was not a sufficient drainage gap behind the stucco cladding
The slats on this roll-up detached from the tracks in 110 mph hurricane winds; the shutter lacked a label indicating whether it had been impact and pressure tested to any recognized standard.
The soffit dam and baffle allow air to flow through the vents without disturbing the insulation covering the top plates
The south face of this home has an overhanging second floor, a pergola, and a roof eave to provide effective window and door shading for both floors in the summer without blocking view, diffuse daylighting, breezes, or ingress/egress
The thermal boundary for a gable roof can be located at either a) the flat ceiling with a vented attic or b) the roof line for an unvented attic
The thermal image on the left and normal picture on the right show the cooling effect of a shade tree on walls and ground surfaces as compared to unshaded areas of the property (darker colors are cooler while lighter colors are hotter in the left image).
The universal retrofit foundation plate is used to connect the concrete foundation to the sill plate as part of a seismic retrofit
The unprotected glazing in this door was broken by roof tiles dislodged by wind.
The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map can be a valuable reference in determining appropriate landscape plants for your climate .
The ventilation space in this vented over-roof keeps the roof cool to prevent ice dams over the unvented attic
The vinyl siding, foam sheathing, and some interior gypsum board was blown off in 130 mph Hurricane winds.
The water heater and other appliances are located above the Base Flood Elevation.
The white TPO membrane roof on the row house on the right performs extremely well at reflecting solar energy and maintaining cool surface temperatures while the black EPDM membrane roof on the left heats up rapidly in the sunlight
The window awnings on this house provide a simple but very effective way to reduce solar gains while still allowing view, daylight, and ventilation through the windows
There are many landscaping strategies that can be used to reduce the cooling load and energy consumption of a home and its neighborhood.
There are multiple options for exterior shading of east and west facing glazing systems to avoid direct beam radiation
Thermal mass causes a time lag in the transfer of heat as well as a dampening of peak temperatures, as shown by this plot
These aluminum Bahama shutters shade west-facing windows from afternoon sun and are approved for hurricane protection
These buildings may be well constructed but are poorly sited too close to waves and constantly at risk due to erosion and flooding.
These interior storm windows have low-emissivity coatings to let in light while keeping out heat in the summer and keeping heat in in the winter