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A cool room should have low enough heat gains to be easily cooled by a small single-zone cooling system such as a mini-split or a window air-conditioner as shown here
A foaming cleaner is used to clean the coils inside this ductless indoor unit; a mini-split bib surrounds the unit to contain overspray and drips
A foaming sprayer and mini-split bib are required to properly clean this ductless wall-mounted indoor unit
A permanent awning prevents snow and overflowing ice dams from causing damage to HVAC equipment below.
A properly sized cold climate heat pump can meet 100% of a home’s heating load in nearly any location in the United States
A properly sized high-efficiency heat pump is located in conditioned space in a closet inside the home.
A single ductless heat pump heats and cools the country’s first DOE Zero Energy Ready certified manufactured home.
By plotting the heating capacities at -4°F and 5°F and drawing a line between them, the capacity at 0°F can be estimated
Condensate from this heat pump water heater is routed to a nearby floor drain, shared with the condensate lines from a condensing gas furnace and an air conditioning coil
Ductless indoor units like this one are controlled individually by handheld remote controllers.
In heating mode, split system heat pumps absorb heat from the outside air and “pump” that heat to the indoor air handler unit, which releases it to the inside air.
Right - The geothermal heat pump provides hot water for radiant floor heating, domestic hot water, and the air handler for space conditioning upstairs.
Right - The home’s high-efficiency gas boiler provides domestic hot water as well as in-floor radiant heat, while a high-efficiency heat pump provides cooling and a secondary source of heating.
Right - The precast insulated concrete walls of the basement provide a conditioned space for the high-efficiency (18 SEER, 9.5 HSPF) air-source heat pump, with its variable-speed fan, five-stage compressor, and MERV 11 filter.
Right – This home’s HVAC system consists of a ground source heat pump that provides heating and cooling with a rated efficiency of 5.0 COP.
Right (decent): For a relatively high-capacity ccASHP sized per Approach 3 or 4 to meet nearly 100% of the heating load, this heat pump’s modulating zone has a decent overlap with the home’s heating load line, reducing short-cycling.
Right: Sized per Approach 1, this heat pump will have minimal short-cycling; since sized using Approach 1, it will require backup heat when temp is below 30°F but could still contribute significant heating down to heating design temp (-6°F) and lower
Right: Sized per Approach 3 or 4, this heat pump’s modulating zone has a large overlap with the home’s heating load line, resulting in minimal short-cycling; the unit may require a small amount of backup heat during the very coldest hours of winter.
Right: Sized per Approach 3, this heat pump’s modulating zone has a large overlap with the home’s heating load line; it will require backup heating but could still contribute significant heating for all hours of the heating season
The air handler of the air-to-water heat pump is equipped with a very high efficiency air filter and a damper-controlled fresh air intake.
The blower wheel (fan) on this ductless wall-mounted indoor unit has accumulated dust and mold - a common issue for this design.
The high-efficiency air-to-air heat pump is set in an overflow pan with an emergency shut off sensor in case the condensate tube were to clog and cause condensate to fill up the pan.
The NEEP Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump List allows users to search, sort, and filter for cold climate heat pumps by brand, model, product type, and ducting configuration; an advanced search provides helpful resources for sizing to the heating load
The ultra-efficient air-to-water heat pump draws heat from the outside air to heat inside room air in winter and domestic hot water year-round.
The ultra-efficient ground source heat pump (COP 4.4) delivers conditioned air throughout the home via ducts; an ERV provides fresh air to the system.
The very high efficiency (4.7 COP) ground-source heat pump provides hot water to a tank for radiant floor heat and domestic hot water.
These plots compare sizing approaches in terms of the approximate annual heating load a heat pump might carry throughout the year for a hypothetical home in Minneapolis, MN.
This “high static ducted cassette” heat pump system is similar to a traditional centrally ducted system, serving several areas of a home from one indoor unit
This ducted mini-split heat pump was installed in the unvented, conditioned attic and ducted with short duct runs to several nearby rooms.
This ductless wall-hung indoor unit has supplemental air filters (outlined in red), which only filter a portion of the airflow; most of the air bypasses the supplementary filters and only passes through the standard mesh filters.
This home’s ultra-efficient ground-source heat pump provides hot water for space heating as well as domestic hot water for the 50-gallon storage tank.
This is the compact outside unit for an ultra-efficient air-to-water heat pump (COP 4.1) that provides space heating and domestic hot water.
This multi-split heat pump system incorporates several indoor units connected to just one outdoor unit; the indoor units include a wall-mounted unit, floor-mounted, ceiling cassette, and mini-air handler.
This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum cooling capacities overlaid with a home’s cooling load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line as well as the annual heating load hours for the home, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
This single-zone mini-split ductless heat pump has only one indoor wall-mounted unit and one outdoor unit.
This traditional centrally ducted heat pump heats and cools the entire home through a network of ducts.
This upflow air handler for a traditional heat pump has an electric resistance auxiliary heating element located at the top of the unit (circled in red).
Wrong: Sized per Approach 1 or 2, this heat pump’s modulating zone has a small overlap with the home’s heating load line, resulting in a large amount of short-cycling; the unit will require backup heat when the temperature is below 25°F
Wrong: Sized per Approach 3, there is minimal overlap between this heat pump’s modulating zone and the home’s heating load line, causing excessive short-cycling; it will require backup heat and may not contribute significantly at temperatures below 5°F
Wrong: Sized per Approach 3, there is small overlap between this heat pump’s modulating zone and the home’s heating load line, resulting in excessive short-cycling; it will require backup heat when the temperature is below 5°F
Wrong: This heat pump is oversized even for Approach 4, and its modulating zone has a small overlap with the home’s heating load line, resulting in a large amount of short-cycling.