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The natural draft and induced draft furnace are both Category I appliances that receive combustion air from the combustion appliance zone

The natural draft and induced draft furnace are both Category I appliances that receive combustion air from the combustion appliance zone
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The NEEP Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump List allows users to search, sort, and filter for cold climate heat pumps by brand, model, product type, and ducting configuration; an advanced search provides helpful resources for sizing to the heating load

The NEEP Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump List allows users to search, sort, and filter for cold climate heat pumps by brand, model, product type, and ducting configuration; an advanced search provides helpful resources for sizing to the heating load
Case Study:

The New American Home 2011 Orlando, Florida

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The passive flow hood (at left) and powered flow hood (right) shown here side by side can be used to measure air flow through outside air intakes, exhaust fans air conditioner supply grills, ERVs, etc.

The passive flow hood (at left) and powered flow hood (right) shown here side by side can be used to measure air flow through outside air intakes, exhaust fans air conditioner supply grills, ERVs, etc.
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The raised hood at the base of the vent stack on this water heater shows that it is an atmospheric vented gas water heater

The raised hood at the base of the vent stack on this water heater shows that it is an atmospheric vented gas water heater
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The tape is covered with mastic to ensure an airtight seal between the duct and the fitting

The tape is covered with mastic to ensure an airtight seal between the duct and the fitting
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The ultra-efficient air-to-water heat pump draws heat from the outside air to heat inside room air in winter and domestic hot water year-round.

The ultra-efficient air-to-water heat pump draws heat from the outside air to heat inside room air in winter and domestic hot water year-round.
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The ultra-efficient ground source heat pump (COP 4.4) delivers conditioned air throughout the home via ducts; an ERV provides fresh air to the system.

The ultra-efficient ground source heat pump (COP 4.4) delivers conditioned air throughout the home via ducts; an ERV provides fresh air to the system.
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The very high efficiency (4.7 COP) ground-source heat pump provides hot water to a tank for radiant floor heat and domestic hot water.

The very high efficiency (4.7 COP) ground-source heat pump provides hot water to a tank for radiant floor heat and domestic hot water.
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Thermometer used to measure dry-bulb temperature

Thermometer used to measure dry-bulb temperature
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Thermostatic radiator valve operation

Thermostatic radiator valve operation
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Thermostatic radiator valve schematic

Thermostatic radiator valve schematic
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These ERV/HRV configurations are NOT recommended because outdoor air can be sucked back into the ERV/HRV before being distributed to the living space

These ERV/HRV configurations are NOT recommended because outdoor air can be sucked back into the ERV/HRV before being distributed to the living space
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These plots compare sizing approaches in terms of the approximate annual heating load a heat pump might carry throughout the year for a hypothetical home in Minneapolis, MN.

These plots compare sizing approaches in terms of the approximate annual heating load a heat pump might carry throughout the year for a hypothetical home in Minneapolis, MN.
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This “high static ducted cassette” heat pump system is similar to a traditional centrally ducted system, serving several areas of a home from one indoor unit

This “high static ducted cassette” heat pump system is similar to a traditional centrally ducted system, serving several areas of a home from one indoor unit
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This central heat pump water heating system with a hot water circulation loop that returns to the primary storage tank relies on a multi pass heat pump to provide both primary DHW heating and hot water circulation temperature maintenance

This central heat pump water heating system with a hot water circulation loop that returns to the primary storage tank relies on a multi pass heat pump to provide both primary DHW heating and hot water circulation temperature maintenance
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This central heat pump water heating system with a hot water circulation loop that returns to the primary storage tank relies on a single pass heat pump to provide both primary DHW heating and hot water circulation temperature maintenance

This central heat pump water heating system with a hot water circulation loop that returns to the primary storage tank relies on a single pass heat pump to provide both primary DHW heating and hot water circulation temperature maintenance
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This direct-vent condensing gas furnace has a fresh air intake.

This direct-vent condensing gas furnace has a fresh air intake.
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This ducted mini-split heat pump was installed in the unvented, conditioned attic and ducted with short duct runs to several nearby rooms.

This ducted mini-split heat pump was installed in the unvented, conditioned attic and ducted with short duct runs to several nearby rooms.
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This ductless wall-hung indoor unit has supplemental air filters (outlined in red), which only filter a portion of the airflow; most of the air bypasses the supplementary filters and only passes through the standard mesh filters.

This ductless wall-hung indoor unit has supplemental air filters (outlined in red), which only filter a portion of the airflow; most of the air bypasses the supplementary filters and only passes through the standard mesh filters.
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This fuel tank sits at grade but is anchored through its concrete base to the ground beneath with helical earth anchors

This fuel tank sits at grade but is anchored through its concrete base to the ground beneath with helical earth anchors
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This fully packaged/skid-mounted central heat pump water heating system was shipped to the building on a truck and craned into location

This fully packaged/skid-mounted central heat pump water heating system was shipped to the building on a truck and craned into location
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This fully specified central heat pump water heating system has four individual outdoor heat pump units plumbed in parallel to indoor storage tanks

This fully specified central heat pump water heating system has four individual outdoor heat pump units plumbed in parallel to indoor storage tanks
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This home’s domestic hot water is provided by three systems: solar water heating panels, a heat pump water heater, and an air-to-water heat pump, which also provides hot water to a fan coil.

This home’s domestic hot water is provided by three systems: solar water heating panels, a heat pump water heater, and an air-to-water heat pump, which also provides hot water to a fan coil.