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These plots compare sizing approaches in terms of the approximate annual heating load a heat pump might carry throughout the year for a hypothetical home in Minneapolis, MN.

These plots compare sizing approaches in terms of the approximate annual heating load a heat pump might carry throughout the year for a hypothetical home in Minneapolis, MN.
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This “high static ducted cassette” heat pump system is similar to a traditional centrally ducted system, serving several areas of a home from one indoor unit

This “high static ducted cassette” heat pump system is similar to a traditional centrally ducted system, serving several areas of a home from one indoor unit
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This direct-vent condensing gas furnace has a fresh air intake.

This direct-vent condensing gas furnace has a fresh air intake.
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This ducted mini-split heat pump was installed in the unvented, conditioned attic and ducted with short duct runs to several nearby rooms.

This ducted mini-split heat pump was installed in the unvented, conditioned attic and ducted with short duct runs to several nearby rooms.
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This ductless wall-hung indoor unit has supplemental air filters (outlined in red), which only filter a portion of the airflow; most of the air bypasses the supplementary filters and only passes through the standard mesh filters.

This ductless wall-hung indoor unit has supplemental air filters (outlined in red), which only filter a portion of the airflow; most of the air bypasses the supplementary filters and only passes through the standard mesh filters.
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This exterior insulated slab-on-grade monolithic grade beam foundation is protected from pests by termite shield at the sill plate, borate-treated framing, flashing at end of wall insulation, brick veneer over slab-edge insulation, and rock ground cover.

This exterior insulated slab-on-grade monolithic grade beam foundation is protected from pests by termite shield at the sill plate, borate-treated framing, flashing at end of wall insulation, brick veneer over slab-edge insulation, and rock ground cover.
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This home’s domestic hot water is provided by three systems: solar water heating panels, a heat pump water heater, and an air-to-water heat pump, which also provides hot water to a fan coil.

This home’s domestic hot water is provided by three systems: solar water heating panels, a heat pump water heater, and an air-to-water heat pump, which also provides hot water to a fan coil.
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This home’s ultra-efficient ground-source heat pump provides hot water for space heating as well as domestic hot water for the 50-gallon storage tank.

This home’s ultra-efficient ground-source heat pump provides hot water for space heating as well as domestic hot water for the 50-gallon storage tank.
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This house with an insulated slab is protected from pests with a termite shield at the sill plate, borate-treated framing, insect screen covering bottom of furring air gap, and brick veneer over slab-edge insulation

This house with an insulated slab is protected from pests with a termite shield at the sill plate, borate-treated framing, insect screen covering bottom of furring air gap, and brick veneer over slab-edge insulation
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This HRV, installed in a conditioned attic, provides balanced ventilation to the whole home

This HRV, installed in a conditioned attic, provides balanced ventilation to the whole home
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This is the compact outside unit for an ultra-efficient air-to-water heat pump (COP 4.1) that provides space heating and domestic hot water.

This is the compact outside unit for an ultra-efficient air-to-water heat pump (COP 4.1) that provides space heating and domestic hot water.
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This left-to-right sequence shows the method of wall extension to flood-proof a masonry house on a slab foundation. Here the new, raised floor is wood-framed over a wet-floodproofed crawlspace, but using fill to create a new raised slab is also an option.

This left-to-right sequence shows the method of wall extension to flood-proof a masonry house on a slab foundation. Here the new, raised floor is wood-framed over a wet-floodproofed crawlspace, but using fill to create a new raised slab is also an option.
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This multi-split heat pump system incorporates several indoor units connected to just one outdoor unit; the indoor units include a wall-mounted unit, floor-mounted, ceiling cassette, and mini-air handler.

This multi-split heat pump system incorporates several indoor units connected to just one outdoor unit; the indoor units include a wall-mounted unit, floor-mounted, ceiling cassette, and mini-air handler.
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This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum cooling capacities overlaid with a home’s cooling load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.

This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum cooling capacities overlaid with a home’s cooling load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
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This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line as well as the annual heating load hours for the home, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.

This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line as well as the annual heating load hours for the home, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
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This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.

This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
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This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.

This plot shows a heat pump’s minimum and maximum heating capacities overlaid with a home’s heating load line, allowing a designer to assess how well-suited the equipment is for the specific home.
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This plumbing pipe is wrapped with a stainless steel mesh skirt that is clamped to the pipe before the concrete slab is poured to to keep out bugs and rodents

This plumbing pipe is wrapped with a stainless steel mesh skirt that is clamped to the pipe before the concrete slab is poured to to keep out bugs and rodents
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This raised-slab CMU and brick foundation includes flood-resistant features such as a sloped grade, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor barrier under the slab (polyethylene sheet), and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall

This raised-slab CMU and brick foundation includes flood-resistant features such as a sloped grade, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor barrier under the slab (polyethylene sheet), and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall
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This raised-slab poured concrete foundation includes flood-resistant features such as a sloped grade, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor retarder under the slab (rigid insulation), and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall

This raised-slab poured concrete foundation includes flood-resistant features such as a sloped grade, capillary break under the slab (gravel or sand), vapor retarder under the slab (rigid insulation), and capillary break at the top of the foundation wall
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This single-zone mini-split ductless heat pump has only one indoor wall-mounted unit and one outdoor unit.

This single-zone mini-split ductless heat pump has only one indoor wall-mounted unit and one outdoor unit.
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This Texas homes uses a slab foundation including a 4-in.-thick post-tensioned monolithic slab with turned-down edges poured over a 6-mil polyethylene vapor barrier and capillary break; slab edge insulation is not used due to termite risk.

This Texas homes uses a slab foundation including a 4-in.-thick post-tensioned monolithic slab with turned-down edges poured over a 6-mil polyethylene vapor barrier and capillary break; slab edge insulation is not used due to termite risk.
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This traditional centrally ducted heat pump heats and cools the entire home through a network of ducts.

This traditional centrally ducted heat pump heats and cools the entire home through a network of ducts.
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This upflow air handler for a traditional heat pump has an electric resistance auxiliary heating element located at the top of the unit (circled in red).

This upflow air handler for a traditional heat pump has an electric resistance auxiliary heating element located at the top of the unit (circled in red).